and should avoid becoming closely identified with any one school of thought, even the most respectable—or perhaps, especially the most respectable—for to do so will discourage the initiative of men with new ideas and fresh programs.

Each principal Foundation officer should have full authority to discourage applications on his own responsibility, but each should make clear to any applicant that not he, but only the Foundation as an institution, can approve a grant. He should not discuss with outsiders internal differences of opinion among the officers or within the Board, or between the officers and the Board. On the other hand, on some projects the Trustees may properly authorize officers in advance to negotiate a project and make commitments.

While this report has recommended that in general the Foundation try to avoid the smaller grants and concentrate on larger projects, the officers will need to have funds at their disposal for small expenditures necessary to support main lines of interest. They will need to be able to make small grants for extraordinary purposes, to explore new fields, to experiment with new ideas, to hold conferences, and so on. They may especially need to make small grants for trial runs, preliminary to undertaking a larger project.