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Gaither Report: Report of the Study for the Ford Foundation on Policy and Program
The
four objectives of this program are directed toward the fuller
development of democracy—the fostering and extension of the
principles of freedom of expression and endeavor and the
strengthening of the processes by which a democratic society
controls its destiny and expresses in fullest degree the will of
the people.
The relation
between this and the other recommended program areas will
immediately be noted. Program Area One deals with the conditions of
peace essential to democratic progress. Program Area Three is
concerned with the economic bases of democracy, Program Area Four
with its educational foundations, and Program Area Five with the
conditions of personal life requisite for democratic
self-realization. Program Area Two encompasses the large area lying
between the first and the last three. It includes all basic aspects
of freedom of inquiry and activity, whether in government, in other
social organizations, or in personal life. It concerns power of all
kinds, both governmental and nongovernmental, and the problem of
shaping such power toward the realization of democratic goals. It
thus embraces the civil liberties and rights of all persons, and
political and governmental processes from individual participation
at the polls through the enactment of laws to their administration
and enforcement by the executive and their interpretation by the
judiciary. Its focus lies primarily on our social and political
organizations and institutions and on the vast number of informal
groups which are an inseparable part of the fabric of
democracy.
NATURE
OF PROBLEMS
The problems
toward which the objectives of this program area point fall into
two classes.
The first
covers those in which the meaning of democracy is not clear, for
either of two reasons: the principles themselves may not be
adequately