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The Common Good: Social Welfare and the American Future







This coordination requires that someone pull together a host of different funding streams and programs. In the case of the Lafayette Family Center, officials in the city public housing authority also have been able to play the role of landlord, offering services that are a mixture of new and redirected resources. Private philanthropy has renovated the building to permit on-site services. Other capital costs and some operating expenses come from Community Development Block Grants. Employment and training services are funded out of the Federal Job Training Partnership Act. Day-care slots are jointly budgeted from state Investment in Job Opportunities funds and the Purchase of Care program in the Department of Social Services. The Health and Recreation Departments provide in-kind services and help with contracting out.

Another promising experiment is the widely publicized Beethoven Project in Chicago. Begun with support from both the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Harris Trust, this project targets about 150 infants born in six high-rise buildings of the nation's largest public housing complex, children who will eventually attend the neighborhood's Beethoven Elementary School. The preparation of this future kindergarten class of 1993 begins before birth with prenatal care for the mothers. Health screening and continued health services follow after birth, together with day care, nutritional aid, and counseling for parents in child development. At age three the children will be enrolled in Head Start.

Footnotes

Footnote :

* A full-scale review of the housing problem is beyond the scope of this report. Recent findings and recommendations contained in the report A Decent Place to Live: The Report of the National Housing Task Force (commissioned by Senators Alan Cranston and Alfonse D'Amato and chaired by James Rouse) offer a realistic blend of public policy reforms and private-sector initiatives. The task force report acknowledges that the problem of affordable housing is not experienced exclusively by the poor, and that we need a mixture of policy reforms to help a broad range of Americans—assistance to the poor in conjunction with measures aimed at helping lower-to-middle-income young families gain a foothold in the housing market.

Particularly significant is the recognition of diverse local housing initiatives that have originated across the nation in recent years. Central to these efforts are new community development corporations and other "self-help" groups that could become part of a more flexible, decentralized delivery system for housing and community development. This new system amounts to a grass-roots infrastructure that can be nurtured with renewed Federal assistance. Such a system offers clear advantages over the mammoth, prescriptive Federal housing programs of the past.

Learning from State Experience

By no means should family-support centers be regarded as limited to public housing or welfare clients in urban settings. In the past four years six states have initiated programs to extend their preventive resources to a wide variety of families. In Missouri, the Parents as Teachers program reaches 53,000 families; participation is open to any parent with a child under three. Monthly home visits and group discussion meetings among parents offer guidance on good child-development practices, while identifying and referring children who show signs of developmental problems. In Kentucky, a state where nearly half of the adults lack a high school degree, the Parent and Child Education Project offers parents and preschool children in twelve rural districts an opportunity to develop together. The program includes parent education and tutoring three days a week for a high school equivalency diploma.

Probably the most extensive state effort is Maryland's three-year-old system of Family Support Centers. This statewide network of eleven local centers is funded