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The Common Good: Social Welfare and the American Future
This
coordination requires that someone pull together a host of
different funding streams and programs. In the case of the
Lafayette Family Center, officials in the city public housing
authority also have been able to play the role of landlord,
offering services that are a mixture of new and redirected
resources. Private philanthropy has renovated the building to
permit on-site services. Other capital costs and some operating
expenses come from Community Development Block Grants. Employment
and training services are funded out of the Federal Job Training
Partnership Act. Day-care slots are jointly budgeted from state
Investment in Job Opportunities funds and the Purchase of Care
program in the Department of Social Services. The Health and
Recreation Departments provide in-kind services and help with
contracting out.
Another
promising experiment is the widely publicized Beethoven Project in
Chicago. Begun with support from both the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services and the Harris Trust, this project targets about
150 infants born in six high-rise buildings of the nation's largest
public housing complex, children who will eventually attend the
neighborhood's Beethoven Elementary School. The preparation of this
future kindergarten class of 1993 begins before birth with prenatal
care for the mothers. Health screening and continued health
services follow after birth, together with day care, nutritional
aid, and counseling for parents in child development. At age three
the children will be enrolled in Head Start.
Learning
from State Experience
By no means
should family-support centers be regarded as limited to public
housing or welfare clients in urban settings. In the past four
years six states have initiated programs to extend their preventive
resources to a wide variety of families. In Missouri, the Parents
as Teachers program reaches 53,000 families; participation is open
to any parent with a child under three. Monthly home visits and
group discussion meetings among parents offer guidance on good
child-development practices, while identifying and referring
children who show signs of developmental problems. In Kentucky, a
state where nearly half of the adults lack a high school degree,
the Parent and Child Education Project offers parents and preschool
children in twelve rural districts an opportunity to develop
together. The program includes parent education and tutoring three
days a week for a high school equivalency diploma.
Probably the
most extensive state effort is Maryland's three-year-old system of
Family Support Centers. This statewide network of eleven local
centers is funded