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Competition in the U.S. Energy Industry







Footnote :

43. The earliest year for which coal distribution data was available was 1961. For crude oil and natural gas, our data do not go back even this far.

Footnote :

44. The year 1961 was not merely one with high unemployment, but also a trough in coal production versus its peak in 1947.

Footnote :

45. See footnote 39, supra.

Footnote :

46. For example, a new river-to-ocean shipping transfer station south of New Orleans permits midwestern coals to compete in energy markets in Florida. (See T.W. Hunter, op. cit., p. 47.)

Footnote :

47. Manners [14, p. 194].

Footnote :

48. These rankings are computed on the basis of 1971 data alone.

Footnote :

49. Ibid.

Footnote :

50. For similar arguments, see M. Adelman, "Is the Oil Shortage Real?," Foreign Policy, January, 1973, pp. 69-107.

REFERENCES

  • A. Andersen. "On Mergers and Vertical Integration in the Cement Industry," Economic Report, U.S. Federal Trade Commission. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966.

  • Business Week. "The Coal Industry's Controversial Move West," Business Week, May 11, 1974, 134-38.

  • Business Week. "The New Great Lakes Fleets," Business Week, May 18, 1974,

  • R. Dean, W. Leahy and D. McKee, Spatial Economic Theory. New York: The Free Press, 1970.

  • G. Debreu. Theory of Value. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1959.

  • T. Duchesneau. "Interfuel Substitutability in the Electric Utility Sector of the U.S. Economy," Economic Report, U.S. Federal Trade Commission. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.

  • K. Elzinga and T. Hogarty. "The Problem of Geographic Market Delineation in Antimerger Suits," The Antitrust Bulletin, 18, 1, Spring, 1973, 45-82.

  • F. Fetter. "The Economic Law of Market Areas," contained in Dean, et al. Spatial Economic Theory, 157-64.

  • T. Hogarty. "Hedonic Price Indexes for Automobiles: A New Approach," Applied Economics (forthcoming).

  • Hogarty and R. MacKay. "Some Implications of the New Theory of Consumer Behavior," Amer. Journ. Agr. Econ., May, 1975.

  • C. Hyson and W. Hyson. "The Economic Law of Market Areas," contained in Dean, et al. Spatial Economic Theory, 165-70.

  • K. Lancaster. "A New Approach to Consumer Theory," Journal of Political Economy, 74, 2, April, 1966, 132-57.

  • P. MacAvoy and J. Sloss. Regulation of Transport Innovation. New York: Random House, 1967.

  • G. Manners. The Geography of Energy. London: Hutchinson and Co., 1971.

  • R. Moyer. Competition in the Midwestern Coal Industry. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.