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Energy Taxes and Subsidies
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Energy Taxes and Subsidies




A 1974 report to the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation that examines the role of energy subsidies and taxes as instruments of government policy. Seeks to explore how subsidies and taxation affected the “energy crisis” of the early 70's and how they could be utilized to generate positive responses and outcomes to the crisis.

Brannon, Gerard M.
1974
188 pages


Table Of Contents
List Of Tables
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter One the Role of Taxes and Subsidies in United States Energy Policy
1.1 The Energy Problem
1.2 Taxes and Subsidies—Prices and Incomes
1.3 Defects in Energy Prices
1.4 Taxes and Subsidies As Correctives for Price Defects
1.5 a Note About the Emphasis of Economists on Trade-Offs
1.6 Existing Tax and Subsidy Policy
1.7 Summary of Conclusions
Notes To Chapter One
Chapter Two Present Taxes and Subsidies Affecting the Energy Industry
2.1 Differentials
The Revenue Cost of Tax Benefits for Energy Resources
2.2 How to Look at Tax Differentials
2.3 The Effects of Tax Benefits for Natural Resources
Notes To Chapter Two
Chapter Three an Overview of the Adequacy or Defects Of Energy Resource Markets
3.1 Do We Want More Resources for Energy?
3.2 The Aspect of the Corporate Income Tax
3.3 The Aspect of Risk
3.4 The Problem of Reserves
3.5 The Aspect of Externalities of Drilling
Notes To Chapter Three
Chapter Four Royalties and Non-Replaceable Resources
4.1 Royalty Income
4.2 Royalties and Supply Elasticities
4.3 Royalty Income and Production Tax Benefits
4.4 Royalties and Monopoly
4.5 Domestic Policy Implications
Notes To Chapter Four
Chapter Five Tax Benefits and Other Subsidies to Provide Additional Domestic Natural Resources for Energy
5.1 The Problem and Its Approaches
5.2 Alternative Routes to Energy Security
5.3 The Best Security Program
5.4 Specific Reserve Strategies
5.5 a Further Evaluation of Existing Tax Benefits in Relation to the Security Problem
5.6 Tax Benefits When United States Prices Are Below Foreign Prices
Notes To Chapter Five
Addendum to Chapter Five—The Cox-Wright Model
Notes To Addendum to Chapter Five
Chapter Six Incentives to Develop Foreign Primary Energy Resources
6.1 The Tax Maze
6.2 The Effects of the Tax Maze
6.3 Policy Recommendations
Notes To Chapter Six
Chapter Seven Taxes and Subsidies and the Public Utilities in the Energy Field
7.1 The Range of Problems
7.2 Federal Investment Tax Incentive Policies
7.3 Publicly Owned Utilities
Notes To Chapter Seven
Chapter Eight the Conflict Between Environmental and Energy Goals: Taxes or Controls
8.1 The Environmental Problem
8.2 Basic Pollution Reduction Techniques
8.3 Some Principles for Mixed Control Strategies
8.4 Some Specific Proposals
Notes To Chapter Eight
Chapter Nine Tax Policies to Modify Energy Consumption Patterns
9.1 The Proper Function of Energy Excise Taxes
9.2 a General Energy Tax or Fuel Tax
9.3 Increased Highway Fuel Taxes
9.4 Increased Taxes on Energy-Using Devices
Notes To Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten Income Distribution Effects of Energy Policy
10.1 How to Think About Income Distribution Effects
10.2 The Income Distribution Effects of Energy Programs
10.3 Instruments for Changing the Income Distribution Effects of Energy Policy
Notes To Chapter Ten
Chapter Eleven Earmarked Revenues for Energy Projects
11.1 Two Kinds of Earmarking1
11.2 An Energy Trust Fund As Decisional Earmarking
11.3 Functional Decision Earmarking for Energy
Notes To Chapter Eleven
Chapter Twelve Policies on Imported Oil
12.1 Oil Imports and the Value of the Dollar
12.2 Other Policies with Regard to Opec
Notes To Chapter Twelve
Summary
Index
About The Authors