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Nuclear Theft: Risks and Safeguards
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Nuclear Theft: Risks and Safeguards




A 1974 report to the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation that surveys the technical facts and policy issues concerning the production of nuclear materials and their protection from theft with recommendations for substantial changes in safeguard procedures.

Willrich, Mason, Taylor, Theodore B.
1974
264 pages


Table Of Contents
Tables
Figures
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Nuclear Weapons
Overview
Resources Required to Make Fission Explosives
Effects of Nuclear Explosions
Radiological Weapons
Pure Fusion Explosives
Notes To Chapter Two
Chapter Three Nuclear Fuel Cycles: 1973–1980
Introduction
Power Reactor Fuel Cycles
Research and Development Uses of Nuclear Materials
Chapter Four Nuclear Power Scenarios—1980–2000
Introduction
Alternative Mixes of LWR, HTGR, and LMFBR Power Plants
Other Types of Fission Power Plants
Controlled Thermonuclear Power (Fusion)
Chapter Five U.S. Safeguards Against Nuclear Theft
Introduction
Historical Development: Mid–1960S to Present
Existing Requirements
Regulatory Approach
Notes To Chapter Five
Chapter Six Risks of Nuclear Theft
Introduction
Theft By One Person Acting Alone
Theft By a Criminal Group
Theft By a Terrorist Group
Diversion by a Nuclear Enterprise
Diversion by a Political Faction Within a Nation
Nuclear Black Market
Chapter Seven Nuclear Safeguards: Basic Considerations
The Context
Purposes of a Nuclear Safeguards System
Functions of a Nuclear Safeguards System
Framework
Chapter Eight Safeguard Measures
Measures to Prevent Theft
Detection of Completed Nuclear Thefts
Recovery of Stolen Nuclear Materials
Responses to Nuclear Threats
The Principle of Containment
Chapter Nine Cost of Safeguards
Costs Of Effective Safeguards
Allocation of Safeguards Costs
Costs Of Ineffective Safeguards
Note To Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations
Appendix a Historical Background
Development of Nuclear Power1
Development of Safeguards Against Nuclear Diversion
Notes To Appendix A
Appendix B Foreign Nuclear Power: Reactor Types and Forecasts
Reactor Types
Research and Development Programs
Nuclear Power Growth Outside the U.S. Through 1980
Nuclear Power Growth Outside the U.S. (Excluding Communist Countries): 1980–2000
Worldwide Estimate of Plutonium Output and Uranium–235 Input
Appendix C Control of Personnel Access to Protected Areas, Vital Areas, and Material Access Areas
Control of Personnel Access to Protected Areas, Vital Areas, and Material Access Areas
Appendix D Risks of Governmental Diversion in Non-Nuclear Weapon Countries
Reasons for Nuclear Diversion
Governmental Diversion Options
Notes to Appendix D
Appendix E Reviewers Comments
Selected Bibliography
Index
About the Authors