Nongovernmental Organizations and Research Institutions: Their Roles ■ 37

• Working with Forest-Dependent Communities ■ 37

• Changing Forest-Department Orientation ■ 39

• Forging Institutional Linkages: Horizontal and Vertical ■ 40

The Development and Application of New Social Science Methodologies in Community Forestry ■ 43

• Participatory Research Methods ■ 43

• Process Documentation: A Research Method for Institutional Change ■ 48

• Incorporating Social Science Approaches in Training and Education ■ 49

Part Three: Conclusion ■ 52

• Important Lessons ■ 52

• Key Challenges ■ 54

• The Path to Sustainable Development ■ 57

Abbreviations ■ 58

Ford Foundation Offices ■ inside back cover