Philippines, and Thailand. Many graduates of the program became leaders in community forestry, farmer-managed irrigation, and community health programs in their own countries.

Forestry degree programs at the Indian Institute of Forest Management and the Indira Gandhi National Academy of Forestry have begun to incorporate more social science courses. At Kesetsart University in Bangkok, the Regional Community Forestry Training Center offers certificate courses in community forestry and training courses for forestry professionals. In southwestern China, forestry department training centers have developed a social forestry curriculum to complement technical and natural science training. Farmer-centered approaches are being developed at two regional centers that train forest professionals, the Southwest Forestry University and Central-South Forestry University, and at the Sichuan Forestry College, a vocational center for township and village foresters. In China, where there are few nongovernmental organizations, such capacity building within the forestry department system is essential if new community forestry models are to extend beyond a few pilot sites.