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The American Energy Consumer







were poor and Mr. A never went to school. "I can sign my name," Mr. A says. "Not very good, but I can sign my name."

In addition to his work in the "smithy," Mr. A's father did a little tobacco and corn farming. There were three children, but one, a girl, died as an infant. By the time Mr. A was a teenager, the blacksmith was becoming obsolete. "I never became a blacksmith because even back then the business was sort of fading away." Instead he got a job in the sawmill. Mr. A does not remember what it paid, but it cannot have been much since he quit it to take a job at the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, in Richmond, at 30 cents an hour.

The As, father and son, had a total of three cars between them in their two lifetimes. The father bought the first, a used Tartan, some time in the twenties. He then bought a used Model T. The Model T lasted, in one form or another, for the rest of his life—he drove it until it could be driven no longer and then he converted it to a gasoline-driven power saw.

Mr. A married in his midtwenties. His wife, Mable, who had finished high school, found a job cleaning in the Richmond public schools. The young couple had a three-room house which they rented for $5 a month; it had no electricity, no plumbing, and a wood stove. Since they were both working in Richmond and living in nearby Catersville, they had to have a car. They bought a 1928 Chevrolet in 1933 and kept it for almost a decade.

The Depression years passed in grim routine; a daughter was born and they continued to live in the primitive three-room house until World War II. Mr. A could not read the newspapers but he heard about the war and some of its consequences on the radio. There were regular and—for people who'd reached maturity during the Depression—exciting reports about the booming defense industries. Mr. A heard they were paying big money. He went north to Baltimore, taking his wife and daughter with him but leaving the decrepit Chevrolet behind.

He got a job paying "more than $40 a week" in a plant making poison gas. Mr. A never understood the process; "I never asked no questions. All I know was that I unloaded sacks that were full of beans dyed dark red. That's all I know. It was hard work but it paid good." In Baltimore he didn't need a car. "I could get around pretty good on the bus."

He did want a house of his own, and with that in view he and his wife began saving every extra dollar. Mrs. A got a job in a clothing factory making uniforms, and their two jobs provided an enormous income relative to their past earnings. When the war ended, the jobs ended too, but they had money in the bank and Baltimore was clearly a better place to be than Catersville. "We didn't even think of going back. I didn't have no people down there any more and the work was better up here." Mrs. A returned to her first occupation, cleaning public schools. Mr. A got a job as a carpenter's helper. "I had to join the union and that meant they had to pay right good." In 1951 they made the down payment on the Dixon Avenue house.