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The American Energy Consumer







drafted in March. We spent his last 30 days fixing the garage up as an apartment, painting it, laying tile, so we could rent it while he was away." He went into the Marines and he did very well. He had a high IQ and he could type so he was soon processing the papers for all the Marines in the West. He never did go to Korea. When he returned from the Marines they sold the garage apartment to the people who'd been renting it and Vernon decided to go back to school and get a business administration degree. Nora had a job as a secretary and he went back to working 40 hours a week in a market while going to school.

The Ys have always planned their life precisely. Nora worked until Vernon, Jr. was born. Vernon got his degree and remained in the grocery business. They moved rapidly ahead in terms of Vernon's job and in their possession of material things.

They had started low. "Vernon had a horrible Studebaker when we married. My father kept it running—my father can fix anything. We kept it until it fell apart and then we got another used car. I was working and we had to have transportation." In 1955 they bought their first new car, a Chevrolet, and a couple of years later they bought a second car, an old wreck that had belonged to Vernon's grandmother; its gearshift did not work in the lower registers and it had to be started each time with a push. Vernon took it to work, leaving the Chevy for Nora. By the time the second child arrived, the grandmother's car had lost all its gears. They traded the Chevy for a used Oldsmobile station wagon.

In 1961 Vernon had an opportunity to be a founding partner in a chain of supermarkets in the San Francisco area. The Ys bought a new Buick and moved to San Jose. Within a year Vernon was disillusioned. "He came home one day, much to my shock and said he was quitting. We had to move at once and we'd just bought a new house." Vernon moved to Sacramento with a new company. They sold the Buick and got an old station wagon. In his new job Vernon had the use of a company car.

The Ys spent what Mrs. Y calls the "happiest years of our lives" in Sacramento. They were not, she concedes, the "best career years for Vernon," but they lived in a big old house and the pace was relaxed. A daughter and another son were born. The son died in infancy. Then the neighborhood began to change; a superhighway was built through it, splitting off the most affluent part. The rest began to decay. Vernon got a new job and the Ys moved to Los Angeles in 1967. "One has to change companies to advance," Mrs. Y says, "but it was the hardest move of my life. We were all happy there." They've kept the house in Sacramento, which they rent out.

By the summer of 1973 the Ys were still pursuing their carefully planned lives but they were feeling the pressure of their upward mobile march. Their four cars are a necessity. Mr. Y leaves home at 4 a.m. each day and drives 35 miles to Los Angeles in his 1970 Buick Riviera. The car, which he bought second hand, gets ten miles to a gallon in the combination of freeway and urban driving. Mr. Y is not satisfied with that but he and Mrs. Y agreed that it is too