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The American Energy Consumer







baseball field, a bar, and a Dairy Queen. Yoder is a sizable town, with a court house, a café, a supermarket, two motels, a bowling alley, a big public swimming pool, and a handsome tree-lined street where the gentry live. The movie house is open on weekends.

Nancy T is 35, and the kids are Tom, 12, Mike, 9, Peter, 8, and Jan, 4. Paul's parents and his grandfather live in a second farmhouse 25 yards away, so there are four generations living on the 520 acres. They raise cattle, hogs, row crops, and feed. They have two horses and a huge kitchen garden.

The young T family's house is frame and ramshackle, with four small rooms downstairs and four small bedrooms upstairs. The steps to the door are cinder blocks, the porch screen sags, and floors are plain unvarnished wood. In the kitchen there is a pink pushbutton wall phone next to the propane stove. In summer a flat, hassock-type electric fan cools the kitchen, which is the main family room.

Mr. T was the only person interviewed who was living in the very same place he was born. Moreover, his daily tasks and recreations are much the same as those of his father and his grandfather and his great-grandfather. The phone, the fan, the stove, the electric lights, and the black and white TV are new, but the Ts raise their own vegetables and slaughter their own meat. Paul T has a tractor and a 1964 Chevrolet station wagon in addition to his horses. In his opinion the technological changes which have occurred in his life are enormous, particularly those since World War II.

Paul was born on the farm but he spent his early childhood living with an uncle in Centreville, twenty miles away. When his grandfather retired they moved Paul and the Centreville house to the farm. Paul rode a horse to grammar school. The family got its first car, a 1935 Chevrolet, in the forties. Paul bought his own first car, a 1947 Plymouth, in 1951. He was then 16 and had never been out of Linn County. He dropped out of high school to work on the farm full time and he began exploring the towns and the people down the road. He met his future wife in nearby Anderson County.

Nancy's grandparents had been homesteaders. Her father was a part time farmer and an oil well driller. Nancy and Paul went to church socials together, and when Paul was 25 and she was 21 they married. By that time Paul was driving an old Pontiac. With marriage, the children came more often than the cars. In 1959 he replaced the Pontiac with a secondhand Chevy and in 1967 he turned in the Chevy for the 1964 station wagon he still has.

Time moves slowly on the farm. Mrs. T still works much as a farm wife did in 1900. She sows the big garden, weeds it, and harvests it. She puts up the surplus vegetables and gives some away to friends and relatives. Paul is preoccupied with his hogs and cattle. He feeds them and watches over their births, slaughters some and takes others to market.

The farm equipment has evolved as slowly as the rest. His father got a Farmall tractor with iron wheels in the forties. When electricity came to Linn