Foundation's support of women's programs from their perspectives as former Foundation program officers (Alison Bernstein has since returned to the Ford Foundation) and demonstrate that "philanthropy helped women's studies gain both momentum and legitimacy in the last 20 years." In this article, Chamberlain and Bernstein identify four distinct stages of women's studies funding at the Foundation: fellowship awards to individuals; grants to campus-based and independent centers for research; grants for "corollary" activities, especially publishing and national associations; and support to programs and centers for mainstreaming minority women's studies. Without this systematic and sustained support, it is fair to say that women's studies would have had a very different history within the academy.