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Ford Foundation Annual Report 1973







meetings and develop educational materials on such subjects as the protection of wildlife and habitat, the management of national parks, and control of international trade in plants and animals. The International Institute for Environment and Development received support to engage nongovernmental organizations in discussions of the work of the UN program for a 1976 Conference on Human Settlements.

PUBLIC INTEREST LAW

The resolution of environmental issues through the courts and administrative agencies of government at various levels has been a particular focus of a group of environmental law firms supported by the Foundation. For example, suits have been brought against federal agencies to stimulate a more rigorous interpretation of the environmental impact statements required by the National Environmental Policy Act. Other interventions have been designed to ensure that the public's interest in clean air and water, for example, gets an adequate hearing before federal, state, and local administrative agencies. Among the Foundation-assisted public interest firms concerned with the environment, three received supplemental support throughout 1975: the Environmental Defense Fund, the Southern California Center for Law in the Public Interest, and the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund. The newest of these, the Southern California center, conducts a clinical program for law students from the University of Southern California and Loyola University in addition to engaging in environmental litigation.

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION

The environmental movement is not an unrelieved series of adversary proceedings. Increasingly, citizens, professionals, and government officials have joined forces in attacking specific problems. Several Foundation-assisted efforts support such collaboration.

The Lake Michigan Federation, for example, which is made up of 350 local organizations, serves as a citizen advisory committee to governmental agencies responsible for water quality. Through its information and education programs, the federation

GRANTS AND PROJECTS-RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT:

The "Approvals" column shows grants and Foundation-managed projects approved in 1973. The "Payments" column shows payments on grants and Foundation-managed projects that were approved in 1973 or in earlier years. Brackets show the original approval amount of earlier grants and Foundation-managed projects from which 1973 payments were made or refunds applied. (Note that a number of earlier grants and projects that still have unpaid balances are not shown because no payments or refunds occurred this year.)

Approvals (Reductions) Payments (Refunds)
ENERGY POLICY PROJECT
Studies of energy supply and demand, and alternative national policies
American Institute of Architects Research Corporation $43,560 $43,560
American Public Health Association 68,800 68,800
Brookings Institution 228,000 228,000
California Institute of Technology 18,470 16,620
Conference Board 60,000 60,000
George Washington University 49,330 49,330
Illinois, University of 34,100 34,100
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 71,000 70,000
Michigan, University of 29,681 29,681
National Academy of Sciences 53,330 53,330
Natural Resources Defense Council [$75,000—1972] 35,000
Operating support for Foundation-managed Energy Policy Project 2,449,737 1,364,718
Princeton University 22,242 22,242
Resources for the Future [$190,000—1972] 190,000
Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies 206,750 206,750
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
Graduate and undergraduate training in ecology
British Columbia, University of [$483,200—1968] 76,155
California, University of (Santa Barbara) [$278,500—1968] 25,618
Chicago, University of [$1,036,000—1967] 232,921
Michigan, University of [$100,000—1971] 18,200
Princeton University [$372,000—1967] 30,828
San Diego State College [$182,000—1969] 48,681
Stanford University [$2,406,000—1968, 1969] 144,960
Yale University [$909,655—1968] 145,253
Teacher training and curricula development
Colorado, University of [$368,000—1971] 34,510 100,798
International Center for Educational Development [$140,000—1970] 83,650 50,852
Wave Hill Center for Environmental Studies (New York) [$150,000—1971] 30,000
Western Ontario, University of [$303,000—1970, 1971] 54,281
Resources and environmental research
Colorado, University of 22,765
Resources for the Future [$8,373,000—1968, 1970, 1972] (284) 1,765,829
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Resource Management
Alaska Native Foundation 100,000 90,000
Alaska, University of [$55,000—1970] (184)
Arizona, University of [$371,850—1970] 4,325
Harvard University [$144,000—1972] 72,000
Illinois, University of [$124,000—1970] 1,783 44,083
Manitoba, University of [$250,000—1968] 58,332
Oceanic Foundation [$185,000—1970] (35,705) (35,705)
Pennsylvania, University of [$300,000—1970] 140,000
Quinault Tribal Council [$39,150—1971] 39,150
State University of New York, (Stony Brook) [$368,000—1970] 197,504
Washington, University of [$587,695—1968] 195,771
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [$150,000—1972] 70,000
Pest control management
California, University of (Berkeley) [$262,000—1971] 107,014
Cornell University [$516,000—1969] 106,524
Harvard University [$125,000—1972] 62,500
Imperial College of Science and Technology [$174,000—1969] 68,000 29,000
National Academy of Sciences [$130,000—1972] 79,764
Demonstrations in regional environmental management
British Columbia, University of [$372,000—1970] 102,558
Erie County, Pa., Commissioners of [$297,000—1971] 99,608
Hawaii, University of 400,000 150,000
Metropolitan Seattle, Municipality of 246,400 67,000
Nashville and Davidson County, Metropolitan Government of [$650,380—1972] 316,650
San Diego County, Calif., Board of Supervisors [$725,000—1971] 168,000 156,250
Technical services to regional environmental management programs-Foundation-managed project: consultants [$150,000—1972] 72,949